It was also there in the Middle Ages, with the development of the ontological argument for the existence of God, had a passing appeal for Bertrand Russell, and an enduring one for Kurt Gödel
It is interesting that Gödel should be mentioned in this context. Though it is true that he was a devout Christian, he was also driven literally mad by his discoveries and this hastened his end. Though he had attempted mathematical proof of God's existence, he later found this hard to reconcile with his celebrated incompleteness theorem. This, via a very elegant proof, shows that one cannot construct a mathematical system in which everything can be known. There will always be statements that cannot be proved either true or false. Given that he believed that mathematics was the language of God, the implication that God could not be perfect, or did not exist, drove him insane.